ASTM D4149-1982(2004) 地表水中浮游生物取样分类
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【英文标准名称】:StandardClassificationforSamplingPhytoplanktoninSurfaceWaters
【原文标准名称】:地表水中浮游生物取样分类
【标准号】:ASTMD4149-1982(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1982
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Classification)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:分类系统;污染控制;地表水;浮游生物;抽样方法;资源回收
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Becauseofthedirectassociationofphytoplanktonwiththewaterandthewatermassesthatmoveinresponsetowind-or-gravity-generatedcurrents,thespeciescompositionandabundanceofphytoplanktonarerelatedtowaterquality.Moreover,thephytoplanktondirectlyaffectwaterquality,notablydissolvedoxygen,pH,concentrationsofcertainsolutes,andopticalproperties.Attimestheabundanceorpresenceofparticularspeciesofalgaeresultinnuisanceconditions(2).Organismsofthephytoplanktoncommunitiesarecollectedandstudiedformanyreasons,andthetechniquesusedwillvarywiththestudyobjectives.Inthedesignofasamplingprogramandintheselectionoftechniques,theinvestigatormusttakeintoconsiderationtheuniquenessofeachstudyareaandthenaturalcharacteristicsofphytoplanktoncommunities.Theprincipalfactorstoconsiderwhencollectingphytoplanktonaretheunevendistribution,composition,andabundanceofphytoplanktoninspaceandtime.Phytoplanktonbloomscanoccurquicklyandcanbeofshortduration.Successionoftaxacanoccurinamatterof1to2weeks.Furthermore,phytoplanktonabundanceandcompositioncanchangeabruptlyinthehorizontalplane.Therealsocanberemarkablenumericalandqualitativedifferencesbetweendepths.Theheterogeneousabundanceandcompositioncanoccurnotonlyoversmallareasbutalsooverlargeareas.Theunevendistributionmakesitdifficulttocollectarepresentativesamplefromagivenareaandmakesreplicationofsamplesand,especially,anadequateverticalandhorizontalsamplingprogramessential(3).1.1Thisclassificationcoversbothqualitativeandquantitativetechniquesthatareusedcommonlyforthecollectionofphytoplankton.Theparticulartechniquesthatareusedduringaninvestigationaredependentuponthestudyobjectives.Ofadditionalimportanceintheselectionofatechniqueistheunevendistributionoforganismsbothtemporallyandspacially.Thisclassificationdescribesqualitativeandquantitativewaysofcollectingphytoplanktonfrominlandsurfacewaters.Specifically,qualitativesamplersincludeconicaltownetsandpumps;quantitativesamplersincludetheClarke-Bumpusplanktonsampler,Judayplanktontrap,watersamplingbottles,anddepth-integratingsamplers.
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:2P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:地表水中浮游生物取样分类
【标准号】:ASTMD4149-1982(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1982
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Classification)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:分类系统;污染控制;地表水;浮游生物;抽样方法;资源回收
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Becauseofthedirectassociationofphytoplanktonwiththewaterandthewatermassesthatmoveinresponsetowind-or-gravity-generatedcurrents,thespeciescompositionandabundanceofphytoplanktonarerelatedtowaterquality.Moreover,thephytoplanktondirectlyaffectwaterquality,notablydissolvedoxygen,pH,concentrationsofcertainsolutes,andopticalproperties.Attimestheabundanceorpresenceofparticularspeciesofalgaeresultinnuisanceconditions(2).Organismsofthephytoplanktoncommunitiesarecollectedandstudiedformanyreasons,andthetechniquesusedwillvarywiththestudyobjectives.Inthedesignofasamplingprogramandintheselectionoftechniques,theinvestigatormusttakeintoconsiderationtheuniquenessofeachstudyareaandthenaturalcharacteristicsofphytoplanktoncommunities.Theprincipalfactorstoconsiderwhencollectingphytoplanktonaretheunevendistribution,composition,andabundanceofphytoplanktoninspaceandtime.Phytoplanktonbloomscanoccurquicklyandcanbeofshortduration.Successionoftaxacanoccurinamatterof1to2weeks.Furthermore,phytoplanktonabundanceandcompositioncanchangeabruptlyinthehorizontalplane.Therealsocanberemarkablenumericalandqualitativedifferencesbetweendepths.Theheterogeneousabundanceandcompositioncanoccurnotonlyoversmallareasbutalsooverlargeareas.Theunevendistributionmakesitdifficulttocollectarepresentativesamplefromagivenareaandmakesreplicationofsamplesand,especially,anadequateverticalandhorizontalsamplingprogramessential(3).1.1Thisclassificationcoversbothqualitativeandquantitativetechniquesthatareusedcommonlyforthecollectionofphytoplankton.Theparticulartechniquesthatareusedduringaninvestigationaredependentuponthestudyobjectives.Ofadditionalimportanceintheselectionofatechniqueistheunevendistributionoforganismsbothtemporallyandspacially.Thisclassificationdescribesqualitativeandquantitativewaysofcollectingphytoplanktonfrominlandsurfacewaters.Specifically,qualitativesamplersincludeconicaltownetsandpumps;quantitativesamplersincludetheClarke-Bumpusplanktonsampler,Judayplanktontrap,watersamplingbottles,anddepth-integratingsamplers.
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:2P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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